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tsd"},"keywords":["exec","child","process","execute","fork","execfile","spawn","file","shell","bin","binary","binaries","npm","path","local"],"dependencies":{"cross-spawn":"^6.0.5","get-stream":"^5.0.0","is-stream":"^2.0.0","merge-stream":"^2.0.0","npm-run-path":"^3.0.0","p-finally":"^2.0.0","signal-exit":"^3.0.2","strip-final-newline":"^2.0.0"},"devDependencies":{"@types/node":"^12.0.7","ava":"^2.1.0","coveralls":"^3.0.4","is-running":"^2.1.0","nyc":"^14.1.1","p-event":"^4.1.0","tempfile":"^3.0.0","tsd":"^0.7.3","xo":"^0.24.0"},"nyc":{"exclude":["**/fixtures/**","**/test.js","**/test/**"]},"readme":"\n \n\n[](https://travis-ci.org/sindresorhus/execa) [](https://coveralls.io/github/sindresorhus/execa?branch=master)\n\n> Process execution for humans\n\n\n---\n\nOne of the maintainers [@ehmicky](https://github.com/ehmicky) is looking for a remote full-time position as a Node.js back-end lead. Feel free to [contact him](https://www.mickael-hebert.com)!\n\n---\n\n\n## Why\n\nThis package improves [`child_process`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html) methods with:\n\n- Promise interface.\n- [Strips the final newline](#stripfinalnewline) from the output so you don't have to do `stdout.trim()`.\n- Supports [shebang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)) binaries cross-platform.\n- [Improved Windows support.](https://github.com/IndigoUnited/node-cross-spawn#why)\n- Higher max buffer. 100 MB instead of 200 KB.\n- [Executes locally installed binaries by name.](#preferlocal)\n- [Cleans up spawned processes when the parent process dies.](#cleanup)\n- [Get interleaved output](#all) from `stdout` and `stderr` similar to what is printed on the terminal. [*(Async only)*](#execasyncfile-arguments-options)\n- [Can specify file and arguments as a single string without a shell](#execacommandcommand-options)\n- More descriptive errors.\n\n\n## Install\n\n```\n$ npm install execa\n```\n\n\n## Usage\n\n```js\nconst execa = require('execa');\n\n(async () => {\n\tconst {stdout} = await execa('echo', ['unicorns']);\n\tconsole.log(stdout);\n\t//=> 'unicorns'\n})();\n```\n\nAdditional examples:\n\n```js\nconst execa = require('execa');\n\n(async () => {\n\t// Pipe the child process stdout to the current stdout\n\texeca('echo', ['unicorns']).stdout.pipe(process.stdout);\n\n\n\t// Catching an error\n\ttry {\n\t\tawait execa('wrong', ['command']);\n\t} catch (error) {\n\t\tconsole.log(error);\n\t\t/*\n\t\t{\n\t\t\tmessage: 'Command failed with exit code 2 (ENOENT): wrong command spawn wrong ENOENT',\n\t\t\terrno: 'ENOENT',\n\t\t\tsyscall: 'spawn wrong',\n\t\t\tpath: 'wrong',\n\t\t\tspawnargs: ['command'],\n\t\t\tcommand: 'wrong command',\n\t\t\texitCode: 2,\n\t\t\texitCodeName: 'ENOENT',\n\t\t\tstdout: '',\n\t\t\tstderr: '',\n\t\t\tall: '',\n\t\t\tfailed: true,\n\t\t\ttimedOut: false,\n\t\t\tisCanceled: false,\n\t\t\tkilled: false\n\t\t}\n\t\t*/\n\t}\n\n\t// Cancelling a spawned process\n\tconst subprocess = execa('node');\n\tsetTimeout(() => {\n\t\tsubprocess.cancel();\n\t}, 1000);\n\ttry {\n\t\tawait subprocess;\n\t} catch (error) {\n\t\tconsole.log(subprocess.killed); // true\n\t\tconsole.log(error.isCanceled); // true\n\t}\n})();\n\n// Catching an error with a sync method\ntry {\n\texeca.sync('wrong', ['command']);\n} catch (error) {\n\tconsole.log(error);\n\t/*\n\t{\n\t\tmessage: 'Command failed with exit code 2 (ENOENT): wrong command spawnSync wrong ENOENT',\n\t\terrno: 'ENOENT',\n\t\tsyscall: 'spawnSync wrong',\n\t\tpath: 'wrong',\n\t\tspawnargs: ['command'],\n\t\tcommand: 'wrong command',\n\t\texitCode: 2,\n\t\texitCodeName: 'ENOENT',\n\t\tstdout: '',\n\t\tstderr: '',\n\t\tfailed: true,\n\t\ttimedOut: false,\n\t\tisCanceled: false,\n\t\tkilled: false\n\t}\n\t*/\n}\n\n// Kill a process with SIGTERM, and after 2 seconds, kill it with SIGKILL\nconst subprocess = execa('node');\nsetTimeout(() => {\n\tsubprocess.kill('SIGTERM', {\n\t\tforceKillAfterTimeout: 2000\n\t});\n}, 1000);\n```\n\n## API\n\n### execa(file, arguments, [options])\n\nExecute a file. Think of this as a mix of [`child_process.execFile()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_execfile_file_args_options_callback) and [`child_process.spawn()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_spawn_command_args_options).\n\nNo escaping/quoting is needed.\n\nUnless the [`shell`](#shell) option is used, no shell interpreter (Bash, `cmd.exe`, etc.) is used, so shell features such as variables substitution (`echo $PATH`) are not allowed.\n\nReturns a [`child_process` instance](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_class_childprocess) which:\n - is also a `Promise` resolving or rejecting with a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).\n - exposes the following additional methods and properties.\n\n#### kill([signal], [options])\n\nSame as the original [`child_process#kill()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_kill_signal) except: if `signal` is `SIGTERM` (the default value) and the child process is not terminated after 5 seconds, force it by sending `SIGKILL`.\n\n##### options.forceKillAfterTimeout\n\nType: `number | false` \nDefault: `5000`\n\nMilliseconds to wait for the child process to terminate before sending `SIGKILL`.\n\nCan be disabled with `false`.\n\n#### cancel()\n\nSimilar to [`childProcess.kill()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_kill_signal). This is preferred when cancelling the child process execution as the error is more descriptive and [`childProcessResult.isCanceled`](#iscanceled) is set to `true`.\n\n#### all\n\nStream combining/interleaving [`stdout`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_stdout) and [`stderr`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_stderr).\n\n### execa.sync(file, [arguments], [options])\n\nExecute a file synchronously.\n\nReturns or throws a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).\n\n### execa.command(command, [options])\n\nSame as [`execa()`](#execafile-arguments-options) except both file and arguments are specified in a single `command` string. For example, `execa('echo', ['unicorns'])` is the same as `execa.command('echo unicorns')`.\n\nIf the file or an argument contains spaces, they must be escaped with backslashes. This matters especially if `command` is not a constant but a variable, for example with `__dirname` or `process.cwd()`. Except for spaces, no escaping/quoting is needed.\n\n### execa.commandSync(command, [options])\n\nSame as [`execa.command()`](#execacommand-command-options) but synchronous.\n\nReturns or throws a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).\n\n### execa.node(scriptPath, [arguments], [options])\n\nExecute a Node.js script as a child process.\n\nSame as `execa('node', [file, ...arguments], options)` except (like [`child_process#fork()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_fork_modulepath_args_options)):\n - the [`nodePath`](#nodepath-for-node-only) and [`nodeArguments`](#nodearguments-for-node-only) options can be used\n - the [`shell`](#shell) option cannot be used \n - an extra channel [`ipc`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio) is passed to [`stdio`](#stdio)\n\n### childProcessResult\n\nType: `object`\n\nResult of a child process execution. On success this is a plain object. On failure this is also an `Error` instance.\n\n#### command\n\nType: `string`\n\nThe file and arguments that were run.\n\n#### exitCode\n\nType: `number`\n\nThe numeric exit code of the process that was run.\n\n#### exitCodeName\n\nType: `string`\n\nThe textual exit code of the process that was run.\n\n#### stdout\n\nType: `string | Buffer`\n\nThe output of the process on stdout.\n\n#### stderr\n\nType: `string | Buffer`\n\nThe output of the process on stderr.\n\n#### all\n\nType: `string | Buffer`\n\nThe output of the process on both stdout and stderr. `undefined` if `execa.sync()` was used.\n\n#### failed\n\nType: `boolean`\n\nWhether the process failed to run.\n\n#### timedOut\n\nType: `boolean`\n\nWhether the process timed out.\n\n#### isCanceled\n\nType: `boolean`\n\nWhether the process was canceled.\n\n#### killed\n\nType: `boolean`\n\nWhether the process was killed.\n\n#### signal\n\nType: `string | undefined`\n\nThe signal that was used to terminate the process.\n\n### options\n\nType: `object`\n\n#### cleanup\n\nType: `boolean` \nDefault: `true`\n\nKill the spawned process when the parent process exits unless either:\n\t- the spawned process is [`detached`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_detached)\n\t- the parent process is terminated abruptly, for example, with `SIGKILL` as opposed to `SIGTERM` or a normal exit\n\n#### preferLocal\n\nType: `boolean` \nDefault: `true`\n\nPrefer locally installed binaries when looking for a binary to execute. \nIf you `$ npm install foo`, you can then `execa('foo')`.\n\n#### localDir\n\nType: `string` \nDefault: `process.cwd()`\n\nPreferred path to find locally installed binaries in (use with `preferLocal`).\n\n#### buffer\n\nType: `boolean` \nDefault: `true`\n\nBuffer the output from the spawned process. When buffering is disabled you must consume the output of the `stdout` and `stderr` streams because the promise will not be resolved/rejected until they have completed.\n\nIf the spawned process fails, [`error.stdout`](#stdout), [`error.stderr`](#stderr), and [`error.all`](#all) will contain the buffered data.\n\n#### input\n\nType: `string | Buffer | stream.Readable`\n\nWrite some input to the `stdin` of your binary. \nStreams are not allowed when using the synchronous methods.\n\n#### stdin\n\nType: `string | number | Stream | undefined` \nDefault: `pipe`\n\nSame options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).\n\n#### stdout\n\nType: `string | number | Stream | undefined` \nDefault: `pipe`\n\nSame options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).\n\n#### stderr\n\nType: `string | number | Stream | undefined` \nDefault: `pipe`\n\nSame options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).\n\n#### reject\n\nType: `boolean` \nDefault: `true`\n\nSetting this to `false` resolves the promise with the error instead of rejecting it.\n\n#### stripFinalNewline\n\nType: `boolean` \nDefault: `true`\n\nStrip the final [newline character](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline) from the output.\n\n#### extendEnv\n\nType: `boolean` \nDefault: `true`\n\nSet to `false` if you don't want to extend the environment variables when providing the `env` property.\n\n---\n\nExeca also accepts the below options which are the same as the options for [`child_process#spawn()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_spawn_command_args_options)/[`child_process#exec()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_exec_command_options_callback)\n\n#### cwd\n\nType: `string` \nDefault: `process.cwd()`\n\nCurrent working directory of the child process.\n\n#### env\n\nType: `object` \nDefault: `process.env`\n\nEnvironment key-value pairs. Extends automatically from `process.env`. Set [`extendEnv`](#extendenv) to `false` if you don't want this.\n\n#### argv0\n\nType: `string`\n\nExplicitly set the value of `argv[0]` sent to the child process. This will be set to `file` if not specified.\n\n#### stdio\n\nType: `string | string[]` \nDefault: `pipe`\n\nChild's [stdio](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio) configuration.\n\n#### detached\n\nType: `boolean`\n\nPrepare child to run independently of its parent process. Specific behavior [depends on the platform](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_detached).\n\n#### uid\n\nType: `number`\n\nSets the user identity of the process.\n\n#### gid\n\nType: `number`\n\nSets the group identity of the process.\n\n#### shell\n\nType: `boolean | string` \nDefault: `false`\n\nIf `true`, runs `file` inside of a shell. Uses `/bin/sh` on UNIX and `cmd.exe` on Windows. A different shell can be specified as a string. The shell should understand the `-c` switch on UNIX or `/d /s /c` on Windows.\n\nWe recommend against using this option since it is:\n- not cross-platform, encouraging shell-specific syntax.\n- slower, because of the additional shell interpretation.\n- unsafe, potentially allowing command injection.\n\n#### encoding\n\nType: `string | null` \nDefault: `utf8`\n\nSpecify the character encoding used to decode the `stdout` and `stderr` output. If set to `null`, then `stdout` and `stderr` will be a `Buffer` instead of a string.\n\n#### timeout\n\nType: `number` \nDefault: `0`\n\nIf timeout is greater than `0`, the parent will send the signal identified by the `killSignal` property (the default is `SIGTERM`) if the child runs longer than timeout milliseconds.\n\n#### maxBuffer\n\nType: `number` \nDefault: `100_000_000` (100 MB)\n\nLargest amount of data in bytes allowed on `stdout` or `stderr`.\n\n#### killSignal\n\nType: `string | number` \nDefault: `SIGTERM`\n\nSignal value to be used when the spawned process will be killed.\n\n#### windowsVerbatimArguments\n\nType: `boolean` \nDefault: `false`\n\nIf `true`, no quoting or escaping of arguments is done on Windows. Ignored on other platforms. This is set to `true` automatically when the `shell` option is `true`.\n\n#### nodePath *(for `.node()` only)*\n\nType: `string` \nDefault: [`process.execPath`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_execpath)\n\nNode.js executable used to create the child process.\n\n#### nodeArguments *(for `.node()` only)*\n\nType: `string[]` \nDefault: [`process.execArgv`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_execargv)\n\nList of string arguments passed to the Node.js executable.\n\n## Tips\n\n### Save and pipe output from a child process\n\nLet's say you want to show the output of a child process in real-time while also saving it to a variable.\n\n```js\nconst execa = require('execa');\n\nconst subprocess = execa('echo', ['foo']);\nsubprocess.stdout.pipe(process.stdout);\n\n(async () => {\n\tconst {stdout} = await subprocess;\n\tconsole.log('child output:', stdout);\n})();\n```\n\n### Redirect output to a file\n\n```js\nconst execa = require('execa');\n\nconst subprocess = execa('echo', ['foo'])\nsubprocess.stdout.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('stdout.txt'))\n```\n\n### Redirect input from a file\n\n```js\nconst execa = require('execa');\n\nconst subprocess = execa('cat')\nfs.createReadStream('stdin.txt').pipe(subprocess.stdin)\n```\n\n\n## Related\n\n- [gulp-execa](https://github.com/ehmicky/gulp-execa) - Gulp plugin for `execa`\n\n\n## Maintainers\n\n- [Sindre Sorhus](https://github.com/sindresorhus)\n- [@ehmicky](https://github.com/ehmicky)\n\n\n---\n\n
\n\n---\n\n \n\n## Why\n\nThis package improves [`child_process`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html) methods with:\n\n- [Promise interface](#execacommandcommand-options).\n- [Scripts interface](#scripts-interface), like `zx`.\n- Improved [Windows support](https://github.com/IndigoUnited/node-cross-spawn#why), including [shebang](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix)) binaries.\n- Executes [locally installed binaries](#preferlocal) without `npx`.\n- [Cleans up](#cleanup) child processes when the parent process ends.\n- [Graceful termination](#optionsforcekillaftertimeout).\n- Get [interleaved output](#all) from `stdout` and `stderr` similar to what is printed on the terminal.\n- [Strips the final newline](#stripfinalnewline) from the output so you don't have to do `stdout.trim()`.\n- Convenience methods to pipe processes' [input](#input) and [output](#redirect-output-to-a-file).\n- Can specify file and arguments [as a single string](#execacommandcommand-options) without a shell.\n- [Verbose mode](#verbose-mode) for debugging.\n- More descriptive errors.\n- Higher max buffer: 100 MB instead of 1 MB.\n\n## Install\n\n```sh\nnpm install execa\n```\n\n## Usage\n\n### Promise interface\n\n```js\nimport {execa} from 'execa';\n\nconst {stdout} = await execa('echo', ['unicorns']);\nconsole.log(stdout);\n//=> 'unicorns'\n```\n\n### Scripts interface\n\nFor more information about Execa scripts, please see [this page](docs/scripts.md).\n\n#### Basic\n\n```js\nimport {$} from 'execa';\n\nconst branch = await $`git branch --show-current`;\nawait $`dep deploy --branch=${branch}`;\n```\n\n#### Multiple arguments\n\n```js\nimport {$} from 'execa';\n\nconst args = ['unicorns', '&', 'rainbows!'];\nconst {stdout} = await $`echo ${args}`;\nconsole.log(stdout);\n//=> 'unicorns & rainbows!'\n```\n\n#### With options\n\n```js\nimport {$} from 'execa';\n\nawait $({stdio: 'inherit'})`echo unicorns`;\n//=> 'unicorns'\n```\n\n#### Shared options\n\n```js\nimport {$} from 'execa';\n\nconst $$ = $({stdio: 'inherit'});\n\nawait $$`echo unicorns`;\n//=> 'unicorns'\n\nawait $$`echo rainbows`;\n//=> 'rainbows'\n```\n\n#### Verbose mode\n\n```sh\n> node file.js\nunicorns\nrainbows\n\n> NODE_DEBUG=execa node file.js\n[16:50:03.305] echo unicorns\nunicorns\n[16:50:03.308] echo rainbows\nrainbows\n```\n\n### Input/output\n\n#### Redirect output to a file\n\n```js\nimport {execa} from 'execa';\n\n// Similar to `echo unicorns > stdout.txt` in Bash\nawait execa('echo', ['unicorns']).pipeStdout('stdout.txt');\n\n// Similar to `echo unicorns 2> stdout.txt` in Bash\nawait execa('echo', ['unicorns']).pipeStderr('stderr.txt');\n\n// Similar to `echo unicorns &> stdout.txt` in Bash\nawait execa('echo', ['unicorns'], {all: true}).pipeAll('all.txt');\n```\n\n#### Redirect input from a file\n\n```js\nimport {execa} from 'execa';\n\n// Similar to `cat < stdin.txt` in Bash\nconst {stdout} = await execa('cat', {inputFile: 'stdin.txt'});\nconsole.log(stdout);\n//=> 'unicorns'\n```\n\n#### Save and pipe output from a child process\n\n```js\nimport {execa} from 'execa';\n\nconst {stdout} = await execa('echo', ['unicorns']).pipeStdout(process.stdout);\n// Prints `unicorns`\nconsole.log(stdout);\n// Also returns 'unicorns'\n```\n\n#### Pipe multiple processes\n\n```js\nimport {execa} from 'execa';\n\n// Similar to `echo unicorns | cat` in Bash\nconst {stdout} = await execa('echo', ['unicorns']).pipeStdout(execa('cat'));\nconsole.log(stdout);\n//=> 'unicorns'\n```\n\n### Handling Errors\n\n```js\nimport {execa} from 'execa';\n\n// Catching an error\ntry {\n\tawait execa('unknown', ['command']);\n} catch (error) {\n\tconsole.log(error);\n\t/*\n\t{\n\t\tmessage: 'Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command spawn unknown ENOENT',\n\t\terrno: -2,\n\t\tcode: 'ENOENT',\n\t\tsyscall: 'spawn unknown',\n\t\tpath: 'unknown',\n\t\tspawnargs: ['command'],\n\t\toriginalMessage: 'spawn unknown ENOENT',\n\t\tshortMessage: 'Command failed with ENOENT: unknown command spawn unknown ENOENT',\n\t\tcommand: 'unknown command',\n\t\tescapedCommand: 'unknown command',\n\t\tstdout: '',\n\t\tstderr: '',\n\t\tfailed: true,\n\t\ttimedOut: false,\n\t\tisCanceled: false,\n\t\tkilled: false\n\t}\n\t*/\n}\n```\n\n### Graceful termination\n\nUsing SIGTERM, and after 2 seconds, kill it with SIGKILL.\n\n```js\nconst subprocess = execa('node');\n\nsetTimeout(() => {\n\tsubprocess.kill('SIGTERM', {\n\t\tforceKillAfterTimeout: 2000\n\t});\n}, 1000);\n```\n\n## API\n\n### Methods\n\n#### execa(file, arguments?, options?)\n\nExecutes a command using `file ...arguments`. `arguments` are specified as an array of strings. Returns a [`childProcess`](#childprocess).\n\nArguments are [automatically escaped](#shell-syntax). They can contain any character, including spaces.\n\nThis is the preferred method when executing single commands.\n\n#### execaNode(scriptPath, arguments?, options?)\n\nExecutes a Node.js file using `node scriptPath ...arguments`. `arguments` are specified as an array of strings. Returns a [`childProcess`](#childprocess).\n\nArguments are [automatically escaped](#shell-syntax). They can contain any character, including spaces.\n\nThis is the preferred method when executing Node.js files.\n\nLike [`child_process#fork()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_fork_modulepath_args_options):\n - the current Node version and options are used. This can be overridden using the [`nodePath`](#nodepath-for-node-only) and [`nodeOptions`](#nodeoptions-for-node-only) options.\n - the [`shell`](#shell) option cannot be used\n - an extra channel [`ipc`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio) is passed to [`stdio`](#stdio)\n\n#### $\\`command\\`\n\nExecutes a command. The `command` string includes both the `file` and its `arguments`. Returns a [`childProcess`](#childprocess).\n\nArguments are [automatically escaped](#shell-syntax). They can contain any character, but spaces must use `${}` like `` $`echo ${'has space'}` ``.\n\nThis is the preferred method when executing multiple commands in a script file.\n\nThe `command` string can inject any `${value}` with the following types: string, number, [`childProcess`](#childprocess) or an array of those types. For example: `` $`echo one ${'two'} ${3} ${['four', 'five']}` ``. For `${childProcess}`, the process's `stdout` is used.\n\nFor more information, please see [this section](#scripts-interface) and [this page](docs/scripts.md).\n\n#### $(options)\n\nReturns a new instance of [`$`](#command) but with different default `options`. Consecutive calls are merged to previous ones.\n\nThis can be used to either:\n - Set options for a specific command: `` $(options)`command` ``\n - Share options for multiple commands: `` const $$ = $(options); $$`command`; $$`otherCommand`; ``\n\n#### execaCommand(command, options?)\n\nExecutes a command. The `command` string includes both the `file` and its `arguments`. Returns a [`childProcess`](#childprocess).\n\nArguments are [automatically escaped](#shell-syntax). They can contain any character, but spaces must be escaped with a backslash like `execaCommand('echo has\\\\ space')`.\n\nThis is the preferred method when executing a user-supplied `command` string, such as in a REPL.\n\n### execaSync(file, arguments?, options?)\n\nSame as [`execa()`](#execacommandcommand-options) but synchronous.\n\nReturns or throws a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).\n\n### $.sync\\`command\\`\n\nSame as [$\\`command\\`](#command) but synchronous.\n\nReturns or throws a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).\n\n### execaCommandSync(command, options?)\n\nSame as [`execaCommand()`](#execacommand-command-options) but synchronous.\n\nReturns or throws a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).\n\n### Shell syntax\n\nFor all the [methods above](#methods), no shell interpreter (Bash, cmd.exe, etc.) is used unless the [`shell` option](#shell) is set. This means shell-specific characters and expressions (`$variable`, `&&`, `||`, `;`, `|`, etc.) have no special meaning and do not need to be escaped.\n\n### childProcess\n\nThe return value of all [asynchronous methods](#methods) is both:\n - a `Promise` resolving or rejecting with a [`childProcessResult`](#childProcessResult).\n - a [`child_process` instance](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_class_childprocess) with the following additional methods and properties.\n\n#### kill(signal?, options?)\n\nSame as the original [`child_process#kill()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_kill_signal) except: if `signal` is `SIGTERM` (the default value) and the child process is not terminated after 5 seconds, force it by sending `SIGKILL`.\n\nNote that this graceful termination does not work on Windows, because Windows [doesn't support signals](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_signal_events) (`SIGKILL` and `SIGTERM` has the same effect of force-killing the process immediately.) If you want to achieve graceful termination on Windows, you have to use other means, such as [`taskkill`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/taskkill).\n\n##### options.forceKillAfterTimeout\n\nType: `number | false`\\\nDefault: `5000`\n\nMilliseconds to wait for the child process to terminate before sending `SIGKILL`.\n\nCan be disabled with `false`.\n\n#### all\n\nType: `ReadableStream | undefined`\n\nStream combining/interleaving [`stdout`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_stdout) and [`stderr`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_subprocess_stderr).\n\nThis is `undefined` if either:\n - the [`all` option](#all-2) is `false` (the default value)\n - both [`stdout`](#stdout-1) and [`stderr`](#stderr-1) options are set to [`'inherit'`, `'ipc'`, `Stream` or `integer`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio)\n\n#### pipeStdout(target)\n\n[Pipe](https://nodejs.org/api/stream.html#readablepipedestination-options) the child process's `stdout` to `target`, which can be:\n - Another [`execa()` return value](#pipe-multiple-processes)\n - A [writable stream](#save-and-pipe-output-from-a-child-process)\n - A [file path string](#redirect-output-to-a-file)\n\nIf the `target` is another [`execa()` return value](#execacommandcommand-options), it is returned. Otherwise, the original `execa()` return value is returned. This allows chaining `pipeStdout()` then `await`ing the [final result](#childprocessresult).\n\nThe [`stdout` option](#stdout-1) must be kept as `pipe`, its default value.\n\n#### pipeStderr(target)\n\nLike [`pipeStdout()`](#pipestdouttarget) but piping the child process's `stderr` instead.\n\nThe [`stderr` option](#stderr-1) must be kept as `pipe`, its default value.\n\n#### pipeAll(target)\n\nCombines both [`pipeStdout()`](#pipestdouttarget) and [`pipeStderr()`](#pipestderrtarget).\n\nEither the [`stdout` option](#stdout-1) or the [`stderr` option](#stderr-1) must be kept as `pipe`, their default value. Also, the [`all` option](#all-2) must be set to `true`.\n\n### childProcessResult\n\nType: `object`\n\nResult of a child process execution. On success this is a plain object. On failure this is also an `Error` instance.\n\nThe child process [fails](#failed) when:\n- its [exit code](#exitcode) is not `0`\n- it was [killed](#killed) with a [signal](#signal)\n- [timing out](#timedout)\n- [being canceled](#iscanceled)\n- there's not enough memory or there are already too many child processes\n\n#### command\n\nType: `string`\n\nThe file and arguments that were run, for logging purposes.\n\nThis is not escaped and should not be executed directly as a process, including using [`execa()`](#execafile-arguments-options) or [`execaCommand()`](#execacommandcommand-options).\n\n#### escapedCommand\n\nType: `string`\n\nSame as [`command`](#command-1) but escaped.\n\nThis is meant to be copy and pasted into a shell, for debugging purposes.\nSince the escaping is fairly basic, this should not be executed directly as a process, including using [`execa()`](#execafile-arguments-options) or [`execaCommand()`](#execacommandcommand-options).\n\n#### exitCode\n\nType: `number`\n\nThe numeric exit code of the process that was run.\n\n#### stdout\n\nType: `string | Buffer`\n\nThe output of the process on stdout.\n\n#### stderr\n\nType: `string | Buffer`\n\nThe output of the process on stderr.\n\n#### all\n\nType: `string | Buffer | undefined`\n\nThe output of the process with `stdout` and `stderr` interleaved.\n\nThis is `undefined` if either:\n - the [`all` option](#all-2) is `false` (the default value)\n - `execaSync()` was used\n\n#### failed\n\nType: `boolean`\n\nWhether the process failed to run.\n\n#### timedOut\n\nType: `boolean`\n\nWhether the process timed out.\n\n#### isCanceled\n\nType: `boolean`\n\nWhether the process was canceled.\n\nYou can cancel the spawned process using the [`signal`](#signal-1) option.\n\n#### killed\n\nType: `boolean`\n\nWhether the process was killed.\n\n#### signal\n\nType: `string | undefined`\n\nThe name of the signal that was used to terminate the process. For example, `SIGFPE`.\n\nIf a signal terminated the process, this property is defined and included in the error message. Otherwise it is `undefined`.\n\n#### signalDescription\n\nType: `string | undefined`\n\nA human-friendly description of the signal that was used to terminate the process. For example, `Floating point arithmetic error`.\n\nIf a signal terminated the process, this property is defined and included in the error message. Otherwise it is `undefined`. It is also `undefined` when the signal is very uncommon which should seldomly happen.\n\n#### cwd\n\nType: `string`\n\nThe `cwd` of the command if provided in the [command options](#cwd-1). Otherwise it is `process.cwd()`.\n\n#### message\n\nType: `string`\n\nError message when the child process failed to run. In addition to the [underlying error message](#originalMessage), it also contains some information related to why the child process errored.\n\nThe child process [stderr](#stderr) then [stdout](#stdout) are appended to the end, separated with newlines and not interleaved.\n\n#### shortMessage\n\nType: `string`\n\nThis is the same as the [`message` property](#message) except it does not include the child process stdout/stderr.\n\n#### originalMessage\n\nType: `string | undefined`\n\nOriginal error message. This is the same as the `message` property except it includes neither the child process stdout/stderr nor some additional information added by Execa.\n\nThis is `undefined` unless the child process exited due to an `error` event or a timeout.\n\n### options\n\nType: `object`\n\n#### cleanup\n\nType: `boolean`\\\nDefault: `true`\n\nKill the spawned process when the parent process exits unless either:\n\t- the spawned process is [`detached`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_detached)\n\t- the parent process is terminated abruptly, for example, with `SIGKILL` as opposed to `SIGTERM` or a normal exit\n\n#### preferLocal\n\nType: `boolean`\\\nDefault: `true` with [`$`](#command), `false` otherwise\n\nPrefer locally installed binaries when looking for a binary to execute.\\\nIf you `$ npm install foo`, you can then `execa('foo')`.\n\n#### localDir\n\nType: `string | URL`\\\nDefault: `process.cwd()`\n\nPreferred path to find locally installed binaries in (use with `preferLocal`).\n\n#### execPath\n\nType: `string`\\\nDefault: `process.execPath` (Current Node.js executable)\n\nPath to the Node.js executable to use in child processes.\n\nThis can be either an absolute path or a path relative to the [`cwd` option](#cwd).\n\nRequires [`preferLocal`](#preferlocal) to be `true`.\n\nFor example, this can be used together with [`get-node`](https://github.com/ehmicky/get-node) to run a specific Node.js version in a child process.\n\n#### buffer\n\nType: `boolean`\\\nDefault: `true`\n\nBuffer the output from the spawned process. When set to `false`, you must read the output of [`stdout`](#stdout-1) and [`stderr`](#stderr-1) (or [`all`](#all) if the [`all`](#all-2) option is `true`). Otherwise the returned promise will not be resolved/rejected.\n\nIf the spawned process fails, [`error.stdout`](#stdout), [`error.stderr`](#stderr), and [`error.all`](#all) will contain the buffered data.\n\n#### input\n\nType: `string | Buffer | stream.Readable`\n\nWrite some input to the `stdin` of your binary.\\\nStreams are not allowed when using the synchronous methods.\n\nIf the input is a file, use the [`inputFile` option](#inputfile) instead.\n\n#### inputFile\n\nType: `string`\n\nUse a file as input to the the `stdin` of your binary.\n\nIf the input is not a file, use the [`input` option](#input) instead.\n\n#### stdin\n\nType: `string | number | Stream | undefined`\\\nDefault: `inherit` with [`$`](#command), `pipe` otherwise\n\nSame options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).\n\n#### stdout\n\nType: `string | number | Stream | undefined`\\\nDefault: `pipe`\n\nSame options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).\n\n#### stderr\n\nType: `string | number | Stream | undefined`\\\nDefault: `pipe`\n\nSame options as [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v6.x/docs/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio).\n\n#### all\n\nType: `boolean`\\\nDefault: `false`\n\nAdd an `.all` property on the [promise](#all) and the [resolved value](#all-1). The property contains the output of the process with `stdout` and `stderr` interleaved.\n\n#### reject\n\nType: `boolean`\\\nDefault: `true`\n\nSetting this to `false` resolves the promise with the error instead of rejecting it.\n\n#### stripFinalNewline\n\nType: `boolean`\\\nDefault: `true`\n\nStrip the final [newline character](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline) from the output.\n\n#### extendEnv\n\nType: `boolean`\\\nDefault: `true`\n\nSet to `false` if you don't want to extend the environment variables when providing the `env` property.\n\n---\n\nExeca also accepts the below options which are the same as the options for [`child_process#spawn()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_spawn_command_args_options)/[`child_process#exec()`](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_child_process_exec_command_options_callback)\n\n#### cwd\n\nType: `string | URL`\\\nDefault: `process.cwd()`\n\nCurrent working directory of the child process.\n\n#### env\n\nType: `object`\\\nDefault: `process.env`\n\nEnvironment key-value pairs. Extends automatically from `process.env`. Set [`extendEnv`](#extendenv) to `false` if you don't want this.\n\n#### argv0\n\nType: `string`\n\nExplicitly set the value of `argv[0]` sent to the child process. This will be set to `file` if not specified.\n\n#### stdio\n\nType: `string | string[]`\\\nDefault: `pipe`\n\nChild's [stdio](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_stdio) configuration.\n\n#### serialization\n\nType: `string`\\\nDefault: `'json'`\n\nSpecify the kind of serialization used for sending messages between processes when using the [`stdio: 'ipc'`](#stdio) option or [`execaNode()`](#execanodescriptpath-arguments-options):\n\t- `json`: Uses `JSON.stringify()` and `JSON.parse()`.\n\t- `advanced`: Uses [`v8.serialize()`](https://nodejs.org/api/v8.html#v8_v8_serialize_value)\n\n[More info.](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_advanced_serialization)\n\n#### detached\n\nType: `boolean`\n\nPrepare child to run independently of its parent process. Specific behavior [depends on the platform](https://nodejs.org/api/child_process.html#child_process_options_detached).\n\n#### uid\n\nType: `number`\n\nSets the user identity of the process.\n\n#### gid\n\nType: `number`\n\nSets the group identity of the process.\n\n#### shell\n\nType: `boolean | string`\\\nDefault: `false`\n\nIf `true`, runs `file` inside of a shell. Uses `/bin/sh` on UNIX and `cmd.exe` on Windows. A different shell can be specified as a string. The shell should understand the `-c` switch on UNIX or `/d /s /c` on Windows.\n\nWe recommend against using this option since it is:\n- not cross-platform, encouraging shell-specific syntax.\n- slower, because of the additional shell interpretation.\n- unsafe, potentially allowing command injection.\n\n#### encoding\n\nType: `string | null`\\\nDefault: `utf8`\n\nSpecify the character encoding used to decode the `stdout` and `stderr` output. If set to `'buffer'` or `null`, then `stdout` and `stderr` will be a `Buffer` instead of a string.\n\n#### timeout\n\nType: `number`\\\nDefault: `0`\n\nIf timeout is greater than `0`, the parent will send the signal identified by the `killSignal` property (the default is `SIGTERM`) if the child runs longer than timeout milliseconds.\n\n#### maxBuffer\n\nType: `number`\\\nDefault: `100_000_000` (100 MB)\n\nLargest amount of data in bytes allowed on `stdout` or `stderr`.\n\n#### killSignal\n\nType: `string | number`\\\nDefault: `SIGTERM`\n\nSignal value to be used when the spawned process will be killed.\n\n#### signal\n\nType: [`AbortSignal`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbortSignal)\n\nYou can abort the spawned process using [`AbortController`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AbortController).\n\nWhen `AbortController.abort()` is called, [`.isCanceled`](#iscanceled) becomes `true`.\n\n#### windowsVerbatimArguments\n\nType: `boolean`\\\nDefault: `false`\n\nIf `true`, no quoting or escaping of arguments is done on Windows. Ignored on other platforms. This is set to `true` automatically when the `shell` option is `true`.\n\n#### windowsHide\n\nType: `boolean`\\\nDefault: `true`\n\nOn Windows, do not create a new console window. Please note this also prevents `CTRL-C` [from working](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/29837) on Windows.\n\n#### verbose\n\nType: `boolean`\\\nDefault: `false`\n\n[Print each command](#verbose-mode) on `stderr` before executing it.\n\nThis can also be enabled by setting the `NODE_DEBUG=execa` environment variable in the current process.\n\n#### nodePath *(For `.node()` only)*\n\nType: `string`\\\nDefault: [`process.execPath`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_execpath)\n\nNode.js executable used to create the child process.\n\n#### nodeOptions *(For `.node()` only)*\n\nType: `string[]`\\\nDefault: [`process.execArgv`](https://nodejs.org/api/process.html#process_process_execargv)\n\nList of [CLI options](https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#cli_options) passed to the Node.js executable.\n\n## Tips\n\n### Retry on error\n\nGracefully handle failures by using automatic retries and exponential backoff with the [`p-retry`](https://github.com/sindresorhus/p-retry) package:\n\n```js\nimport pRetry from 'p-retry';\n\nconst run = async () => {\n\tconst results = await execa('curl', ['-sSL', 'https://sindresorhus.com/unicorn']);\n\treturn results;\n};\n\nconsole.log(await pRetry(run, {retries: 5}));\n```\n\n### Cancelling a spawned process\n\n```js\nimport {execa} from 'execa';\n\nconst abortController = new AbortController();\nconst subprocess = execa('node', [], {signal: abortController.signal});\n\nsetTimeout(() => {\n\tabortController.abort();\n}, 1000);\n\ntry {\n\tawait subprocess;\n} catch (error) {\n\tconsole.log(subprocess.killed); // true\n\tconsole.log(error.isCanceled); // true\n}\n```\n\n### Execute the current package's binary\n\n```js\nimport {getBinPath} from 'get-bin-path';\n\nconst binPath = await getBinPath();\nawait execa(binPath);\n```\n\n`execa` can be combined with [`get-bin-path`](https://github.com/ehmicky/get-bin-path) to test the current package's binary. As opposed to hard-coding the path to the binary, this validates that the `package.json` `bin` field is correctly set up.\n\n## Related\n\n- [gulp-execa](https://github.com/ehmicky/gulp-execa) - Gulp plugin for `execa`\n- [nvexeca](https://github.com/ehmicky/nvexeca) - Run `execa` using any Node.js version\n- [sudo-prompt](https://github.com/jorangreef/sudo-prompt) - Run commands with elevated privileges.\n\n## Maintainers\n\n- [Sindre Sorhus](https://github.com/sindresorhus)\n- [@ehmicky](https://github.com/ehmicky)\n\n---\n\n
![\"execa](\"media/logo_dark.svg\"){kind=logo}
\n![](\"media/logo.svg\"){kind=logo}
\n![\"Transloadit](\"https://sindresorhus.com/assets/thanks/transloadit-logo.svg\"){kind=logo}
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